Dear Colin and colleagues;
Thanks very much for noting these. I am particularly interested in the vicarious liability decisions.
In Brink's the question is that of VL for the tort of conversion committed by an employee. The company Igrox were engaged to fumigate a container intended for overseas shipment, containing silver bars. One of their employees took the opportunity created when the container was supposed to be fumigated to steal some of the bars. The court considers the application of the principles concerning VL for intentional torts which have developed since Lister v Hesley Hall and holds that the company was liable for the theft committed by the employee. In doing so they say that a previous decision,
Heasmans v Clarity Cleaning Co. Ltd [1987] I.C.R. 949 (where a cleaning company was found not liable for the cost of expensive overseas phone calls made from an office by one of its cleaners) would probably be decided differently today.
I personally think one of the most helpful discussions of the scope of VL for intentional torts in recent years is that of Paula Giliker in “Making the right
connection: Vicarious liability and institutional responsibility” (2009) 17 Torts Law Jnl 35-54. She suggests that there should be VL only where an "employee is entrusted to protect the employer’s
property, customers, employees, or specific individuals for whom the employer
has taken responsibility" (at 53-54). While this case is not precisely in that category I think it is sufficiently close for her analysis to support the decision. I am less sure that Heasmans should have been over-ruled, as while it seems arguable that being entrusted with someone's goods for fumigation purposes is pretty close to a bailment relationship, sending someone to clean a building does not really give authority over their telephones.
Those interested in such matters should also consult the South Australian Full Court decision in Ffrench v Sestili [2007] SASC 241. Ms Sestili
ran a personal carer's service for disabled persons; Ms Ffrench was unable to
care for herself, and a Ms Brown was engaged by Sestili to look after her.
Having been given access to Ms Ffrench's ATM card for shopping, Ms Brown
managed to steal some $35,000 over some months (by taking it in chunks out of
ATM's). Sestili as the employer of Brown was found vicariously liable for the theft.
In the Catholic Child Welfare case the issue was whether the De La Salle Institute was vicariously liable for acts of sexual assault carried out by De La Salle brothers who were employed (by another body) as teachers. The court decides that the Institute were not liable, as they were not the employers of the brothers (despite having a strong influence over their lifestyle and appointment and other issues.) I think this seems like a sensible result- as the court argues it would be a big step to extend liability to "unincorporated associations" generally for actions of their members. (In the litigation the actual employers of the teachers had accepted that they were liable.) It is notable that the court refers at [45] and [73] to the finding in Viasystems that there can be "joint" vicarious liability apparently on the basis of "joint" employment, but since they rule against VL on the basis of no employment relationship they do not apply it. My own view, as long time ODG members will know, is that Viasystems is wrong on this point (as far as I am aware it has never actually been followed on this precise point since it was decided, even in the UK.)
Regards
Neil
On 28/10/2010, at 12:47 AM, Colin Liew wrote:
Dear all,
Members may be interested in three new judgments from the higher courts in the UK:
In
TMT Asia Limited and others v Oceanbulk Shipping and Trading SA [2010] UKSC 44, the Supreme Court has decided that pre-contractual negotiations that are agreed to be "without prejudice" may nonetheless be admitted into evidence and used by a trial judge in order to construe the contract.
I have not had an opportunity to read them yet, but the English Court of Appeal has released two judgments concerning vicarious liability:
Brink's Global Services Inc and others v Igrox Limited and another [2010] EWCA Civ 1207 and
Various Claimants v The Catholic Child Welfare Society and others [2010] EWCA Civ 1106.
Kind regards,
Colin
Neil Foster
Senior Lecturer, LLB Program Convenor,
Newcastle Law School Faculty of Business & Law
MC158, McMullin Building
University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 AUSTRALIA
ph 02 4921 7430 fax 02 4921 6931